Abstract: Extracellular vesicles are nanoscale vesicles containing microvesicles, exocrine bodies and apoptotic bodies, which are secreted by nuclear endosomes. The exosome contains proteins, lipids and tiny RNA. micro-RNA (miRNAs) is a kind of highly conserved, non-coding small RNA that regulates the expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level by complementary pairing with the transcribed mRNA of target genes. In recent years, it has been found that miRNAs is closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy and is a biomarker for early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. This article reviews the expression of miRNAs (miR-126, miR-29b, miR-200b, miR-1273G-3p, miR-93, and miR-142-5p) in retina and the role of its target genes in the pathogenesis of DR. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2020, 44： 139-post insert II)